Two million patients a year cannot all be wrong — but the gap between the best and worst clinics here is wider than anywhere in Europe.
A large pool of specialist surgeons, high procedure volumes, modern private hospitals built in the last fifteen years, and a currency advantage that makes European-standard care affordable. State regulation through health tourism licensing arrived in 2017 and tightened since.
Facilities need a Health Tourism Authorisation Certificate; intermediaries need their own authorisation; surgeons must be registered specialists. Every one of these is checkable before you travel — which is what separates informed patients from unlucky ones.
Many websites are marketing agencies, not clinics. They subcontract to whichever facility has capacity, which is why some patients discover the hospital and surgeon only on arrival. Ask both names in writing before paying anything.
Written plan and price before you fly, named surgeon, licensed hospital, VIP transfer, translator at every appointment, a post-operative check before departure, and a named contact who answers messages after you get home.
No — the price difference is structural: overheads, salaries, exchange rates and volume. Standards vary by clinic, exactly as they do at home.